SA Armour Museum

Crew: 4 

Combat Mass: 12,9 mt 

Armament: 37 mm M5 gun; 1 x 7.62 mm M1919A4 Browning machine gun (coaxial); 1 x 7.62 mm M1919A4 Browning machine gun (in the hull)

Engine: Continental; W 670 Series 9A; 7 Cyl; Air Cooled; Gasoline; Output: 250 hp @ 2,600 rpm (19.2 hp/t)

Transmission: 4-speed manual transmission

 

Suspension: Vertical volute spring suspension (VVSS)
 

Fording Capability: Without preparation 0.6 m

Speed: Road 56km/h - Cross Country 32km/h 
 
Operating Range: Road 160 km - Cross Country 100 km 

 

Development History
The Stuart M3A1 is an American light tank developed during World War II, designed to provide reconnaissance and support for infantry units. It is a variant of the M3 Stuart series, with improvements over the earlier models to address operational needs and combat effectiveness.

The M3A1 was equipped with the 37 mm M5 gun, which was an upgrade from the earlier M3 Stuart models. The M5 gun provided better firepower against enemy armored vehicles and fortifications. Additionally, the M3A1 featured two 7.62 mm M1919A4 Browning machine guns—one mounted coaxially with the main gun and another in the hull for additional defensive capabilities.

The tank was powered by a Continental W-670-9A 7-cylinder radial engine, delivering 250 horsepower. This engine enabled the Stuart M3A1 to achieve a top road speed of 56 km/h and a cross-country speed of 32 km/h. The vertical volute spring suspension (VVSS) system offered good mobility and ride comfort across various terrains.

With an operational range of approximately 160 km on roads and 100 km cross-country, the M3A1 was capable of performing extended reconnaissance and combat missions. Its fording capability allowed it to cross water obstacles up to 0.6 meters deep without preparation, enhancing its versatility in different operational environments.

The Stuart M3A1 was introduced in 1941 and saw extensive service in both the European and Pacific theaters of World War II. It was valued for its speed, maneuverability, and ability to provide reconnaissance and light support to infantry units. The M3A1 was used by American forces as well as by Allied forces through lend-lease agreements.

The M3A1's development reflected the evolving requirements of armored warfare during World War II and highlighted the need for reliable and effective light tanks to complement heavier armored vehicles. The Stuart M3A1 remains a notable example of American tank design and innovation during the conflict.